-Introduction
-Pre-Soviet History
-Pashtun People
-Soviet Invasion
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Although they were originally labeled Afghans, the Pashtun people of Afghanistan represent a majority of the population. Their presence is not limited to Afghanistan, and during the British occupation of India many were split between negotiated boundaries. The partitioning of India, defined Pakistan and large numbers of Pashtun people can be found there as well. Although they live in these two country's their origins are largely unknown. The Pashtun's believe that they are descendants of King Saul of Israel.

There are between 7 and 8 million Pashtuns living in Afghanistan. Although many live a nomadic lifestyle herding animals, most are are farmers. The structure of their society is centered around tribes and patriarchal families who draw their rights and status from their lineage. This structure has led to bloody conflicts between tribes who's members have been frequently attracted to the military throughout history.

The tribes in Afghanistan have organized themselves into federations, the Durrani and the Ghilzay. These federations have helped to hold to hold the better part of the country together throughout the periods in which no government has existed. Although they are also accused of harsh rule, and taxing vehicles transporting items for trade.

The conflicts between various tribes and other cultures within this small country combined with foreign interests in securing a land based supply route across the Hindu Kush mountains have put the Pashtun people as well as everyone else living in Afghanistan in the middle of political conflicts. In 1978, the Soviet Union invaded in an attempt to control Afghanistan.

More Information:
Ethnic Map of Afghanistan (National Geographic)